Video and Sound Production - Final Project

22/05/2024- 30/06/2024 (Week 10-Week 15)
Lizzie Tanaka (0362065)
Video and Sound Production | BDCM | Taylor's University
Final Project: Stop Motion


LECTURES

To prepare us for the stop motion, Mr Martin had us conduct trial shoots in groups. He gave us a reference to copy. We had to shoot using a DSLR camera and from our phone. There was two reference video: clay and papercut. 

Fig 0.1 Clay character


Fig 0.2 Paper character


INSTRUCTIONS

For our final project, our task is to create a stop motion for a PSA video. We can choose to do it individually (30 seconds) or in pairs (1 minute). 

Mr. Martin asked us to share our three favorite stop-motions. I have picked three that I liked from Youtube: 

Western Spaghetti by PES (2008)
Bench (2021)

I decided to do it in pairs with Aisya. Our idea was to create a PSA video for ocean pollution due to people throwing their trash into the ocean. We first thought of our storyboard, our main character, how the set will look like and how we're going to make it. We decided that our set will be made using paper, cardboard, and used plastic bag in blue as the main backdrop. Our main character will be made using clay. 

Here's our proposal:

Fig 1.1 Proposal Slides 

Our stop motion started with a hand throwing a handful of trash to the sea and the camera goes down into the sea. Then the main character is shown and it is hungry, so it starts to eat the trash, mistaking it as food. However, soon after it realized that it's not food, and it dies. 

In week thirteen, we asked Mr. Martin for feedback and he told us that the creature isn't relevant to the ocean lives and it would diminish the relevance of our message to the audience. After the feedback, we decided it would be better to have a fish as our main character. 

Making the set and main character

Aisya did most of the set and the main character. For her blog, click here. Here is the moodboard that she compiled: 

Fig 1.2 Moodboard

We started by making the set and the character. For the set, we used a used cardboard and covered it with blue plastic bag which we taped on the outer side so it wouldn't move a lot (Picture 1 of fig. 0.0). In our first meeting, we managed to only finish the main backdrop and the shape of the fish. To make the features of the sea, Aisya started by drawing the shape and placing it inside the set, making sure that it fits well before coloring it with markers. The main 'waves' is painted using gouache that I lent her. 

Fig 1.3 Making the set

We bought watercolor paper because it's thick to use as the papercut. Because of the time-limit, Aisya decided to finish the ocean features such as the corals and the waves and finish the fish. 

Fig 1.4 Making the props

To make the props stand well, she used the cardboard pieces and stuck them behind each prop. However, it was too small so she added a piece of modeling clay inside to add weight. The waves in picture no. 2 is also done using the same method. For the fish and jellyfish, to make the stick less visible on screen, it is wrapped with the same blue plastic. She added play-dough on the stick so that it's able to stand well. 

For the trash bin, she reused an empty toilet paper roll that she cut into half to the appropriate size. The lid is made using unused cardboard that is brough together using paper tape. She attempted to color the bin using marker but the color isn't visible so she covered it with paper tape first before coloring it. 


Fig 1.5 Making the garbage and fish

For the main trash/garbage, Aisya used playdough to shape it since it's a lot easier than using modeling clay. The character is made from play-dough. On our first meeting, we started by making a cylindrical shape that is a little flat on the bottom so it can stay still on the set. Aisya finished the character with adding the tail and the fin and the facial characters. 


Shooting for the first draft 

Shooting is done at Aisya's place since we live closeby and is less complicated than bringing our properties to campus. Because Aisya has done a lot in the set and the character, I contributed in the shooting and editing part. 

We didn't follow the storyboard as accurately because we realized it would look messy and weird. In the storyboard, it starts with a hand throwing the trash. However, we started by filming the fish being hungry and then trying to find food. Coincidentally, it found a trash bin. The trash bin here symbolizes that the trash came from humans, also because we thought that there are a lot of these kind of trash that goes underwater, not only small trash like plastics, but also larger sized trash. The fish pushes the can into the frame and it pushed the can down to open the inside. Once the trash inside goes out, the fish eats it but then realized it isn't food and it dies. For the death scene of the fish, we flipped it upside down, since in real life, when a fish dies, it usually flips on the side. We disassembled the fish as well to dramatize the impact of eating the trash. 

We shot using the stop motion app on three frames per second. 

Fig 2.1 Shooting process; draft 1

The shooting took around 3 hours and we proceeded to edit our video. 

Editing the first draft

For the editing, we started by adding sound effects:

- Underwater ambience

- Sand slides 

- Stomach rumbling to represent hunger

- Cartoon mumbling to represent the fish complaining about being hungry

- Food crunching when the fish eats the trash

I also color graded the clips. When the ocean is still clean without trash, the tone is warmer, showing that the ocean life is good before human's trash polluted. Once the scene changes to the fish pushing the trash can, the tone becomes colder, showing that the ocean life is not as good with humans' trash polluting the habitat. We also added the motto/title: "Bin It, Don't Drown It" and our names to the end of the video. 

Fig 2.2 Ending scene

Our issue here was the grainy quality that was very visible during the zoom-ins. We zoomed it because we wanted to show the fish expression. I tried using the 'de-noise' effect on Premiere Pro but it lowered the quality too much. The dark lighting also added to the bad quality of this video.  


Fig 2.3 Grainy scene

Fig 2.4 After de-noise effect

We asked Mr. Martin for feedback and he told us don't zoom from the wide shot to the close up scene. After this feedback, we decided we'd just re-shoot the whole thing from the beginning. We also noticed that the dark lighting might be why the video is grainy. 

At first, we thought of re-shooting from the zoom-in scene but truthfully, we weren't satisfied with our result yet. We decided to re-shoot the whole thing. 


Fig 2.5 First draft


Shooting for the second draft

We spent a few hours just reassembling the fish because some parts was broken and we couldn't get the mouth to look good and neat. 

Fig 2.6 Change in our fish

After we're done getting the props ready, we shot again but this time with a brighter lighting. Maybe it's because we learned from our mistakes, so we had a more solid process and did it much quicker than the first process. We were also on a time limit because we shot it under sunlight and the sun was about to set. 


Fig 2.7 Re-shoot

This time, we shot it on 5 frames per second. We both thought that with three fps, the result was too rushed and wasn't as smooth. With 5 fps, we had more time to show our story. 

Because we had more time, we decided to add a few scenes such as:

- The fish circling around the can, showing that it's curious

- The trash falling out had more screen time, we showed the fish looking at it and feeling confused. 

- Made the fish eat more than one trash 

- Made the fish attempt to clean the trash to the side after realizing it didn't taste good/it wasn't food. 


Editing the second draft

This time, the quality was sharper and way better. For the editing, we started again by adding sound effects: 

- Underwater ambience: Since this is a continuous sound throughout the video, I lowered the dB amount so it wouldn't be too loud. I wanted the sound to feel like it's far away. 

- Stomach rumbling to represent hunger: the dB amount is also lowered so that it wouldn't stand out too much after the softer sand slides. 

Fig 3.1 SFX: Underwater and stomach rumble

- Sand slides: Unlike the first draft, where the sand slide is a continuous sound throughout the video, I decided to add the sand SFX only when the trash can is being pushed by the fish as well as a little impact sound when the trash bin falls. 

Fig 3.2 SFX: Sand Slides


- Food crunching when the fish eats the trash: For this specific SFX, I didn't play with it's dB amount since it was quite low from the original creator. I just cut the audio to fit with the scene where the fish was eating. 

Fig 3.3 SFX: Food crunching

We both decided not to add the 'cartoon mumbling' sound effect since we thought it doesn't fit the video well. 

I also did the same color grading effect as the first draft. The scene before the trash falls around is color graded with a yellow tint to make the tone warmer. The warmer tone is to symbolize the ocean being clean and a safe place to live for the creatures. I also added a vignette to dim the video by a little bit. We felt like because the bottom of the ocean is probably a bit dark, I could edit the brightness to make it feel dimmer. 

Fig 3.4 Warm color grading

After the trash falls around, I color graded the scene to be more cool-toned. This is done by changing the tint to be more blue. I also added the vignette to dim the video a bit. Below is the before and after. 

Fig 3.5 Cool color grading

For the zoomed in part, I zoomed it in during editing, instead of during the shooting, which was also our mistake. The trash can falling down is also zoomed in to avoid the stick pushing the trash showing on the frame. 

Fig 3.6 Without zoom-in


For the opening scene, I decided to add a little transition from a darker video to the scene starting. This is done using the 'cross-dissolve' video transition effect. As for the closing scene, I wanted our title to appear as the last frame freezes and dissolves to black. To do this, I cut the final frame and lowered the speed to a few seconds. I added the text with cross-dissolve effect to it. To end the video, the frame and the text is given 'dip-to-black' for the video transition. The ocean ambience sound is given the 'exponential fade' transition. 

Fig 3.7 Opening and ending scene

I asked for Mr. Martin's feedback again for our second progress. He said that this was much better and can be submitted. I did a few re-checks on the editing part to ensure everything was consistent and well. 


FINAL SUBMISSIONS:


Fig 4.1 Final Stop-Motion Video


FEEDBACKS

Week 13
Main character is not relevant to the ocean, makes the message irrelevant. 
Week 14
Don't zoom from wide shot to close up, it will lower the quality of the video. 
Week 15
Better than the first draft, finish it and submit.


REFLECTIONS:

This project was more enjoyable than I thought. I learned a lot about stop-motion and the process. I was honestly worried about how this project might not end well but thankfully my groupmate, Aisya, was more than cooperative and we had a good teamwork. The process was more fun and bearable because I did not do it alone. 

Overall, I think the result of this project is quite satisfactory for me and I feel like I've done my best for this stop motion. 

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